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February 3-17, 2003
C.O.R.N. 2003-3
In This Issue:
A) White Food Grade Corn: 2002 Performance
B) Regional Agronomy Meeting Proceedings
C) Ohio Crop Production Conference Proceedings
D) WAAS Differential Signal Availability Update
E) First Year Corn Rootworm in Ohio
F) The Status Of New Herbicide Development
G) Update on New Herbicides
H) Conservation Tillage & Technology Conference - March
3 & 4, 2003
White corn is one of several specialty crops receiving greater attention by Ohio growers as an alternative to yellow dent corn. Premiums are available for white corn grown under contract. We conducted a white corn test in Ohio at the OARDC NW Branch at Hoytville in 2002 as part of a multi-state testing program coordinated by Dr. Larry Darrah, USDA-ARS and the University of Missouri. This is our sixth year of participation in these tests. Results of the 2002 Ohio trial are shown at http://corn.osu.edu/library/articles/2002%20White%20Corn.pdf. In 2002, 17 white corn hybrids were evaluated along with 3 yellow dent check hybrids. Test results provide growers with a basis for comparing the relative performance of commercial white corn hybrids and yellow corn hybrids. Unfavorable early season growing conditions (cool, wet weather) followed by drought sharply cut the yield potential at Hoytville in 2002.
Multi-state white corn yield test program results are published yearly in "White Food Corn - 2002 Performance Tests, Spec. Rep. 547." Data presented in the publication include food quality characteristics as well as the typical agronomic traits. For information about the food corn tests and annual field day, check the following web site: http://www.agron.missouri.edu/ars_columbia/fcpt&fd.html
For more information on specialty corns, including white corn, used in value added or identity preserved grain production check out the Ohio State University web site Specialty Corns for Value-Added Grain Production at http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/hocorn/. Please contact Allen Geyer (phone: 614-292-1393; e-mail: geyer.9@osu.edu) if you would like to receive a copy of "White Food Corn - 2002 Performance Tests, Spec. Rep. 547."
Proceeding articles from presentations given at the January 3 Crop Production Conference hosted by Ohio Agribusiness Association and Ohio State University Extension can be found at: http://corn.osu.edu/pubs.html.
WAAS signal continues to be a good and accurate source of differential correction for the agricultural community. There has been some discussion about the availability of the signal. We have been told of times last fall when WAAS was not available during certain times of the day from just a few seconds to over several hours by users in the agricultural sector. Some of the non-availability can be explained from the signal still being under development and test prior to FAA certification for safety-of-flight applications. From January 26th through March 31st, the FAA will be conducting testing of the WAAS system. This testing is in support of commissioning WAAS. Some tests will include the deliberate degradation of the system and may result in outages of the broadcast signal (WAAS website information). For more information on the availability of the signal, the link provided will give a weekly update of when the signal will be available for use: http://www.waasperformance.raytheon.com/sis/sis.html If you rely solely on WAAS for your differential correction, it is advised that you visit this website on a regularly basis. If you live in Northwest or Southwest Ohio and have a GPS receiver that can receive the Coast Guard differential signal, you may want to use this signal as a backup if WAAS is not working on the day you need the signal. If you have any questions or comments on precision agriculture issues, please contact Reza Ehsani, 614-292-2540 or Matthew Sullivan, 614-247-6286.
There has been a lot of interest this past fall and winter about the possibility of problems with first year corn rootworm in Ohio in 2003. Ohio State University Extension personnel in 2002 monitored for first year corn rootworm (FYCR) which is a biotype of the western corn rootworm (WCR) that deposits eggs in soybean fields that can damage corn planted in that field the next year. This is the fifth year that monitoring has occurred. The program used Pherocon AM yellow sticky traps which are placed in soybean fields (at least 4 traps per field) on a biweekly schedule from mid-July through August to monitor adult rootworm activity. Sixty-eight fields in 21 counties were trapped with Pheroncon AM traps in 2002. All of the counties changed traps on a biweekly schedule except Van Wert, which changed their traps on a weekly schedule.
Beetle numbers on traps were higher in all counties in 2002 as compared with previous years. However, the overall numbers still do not suggest a large likelihood of significant or widespread problems. Collection of 2 or more WCR beetles per trap per day in a soybean field is presumed to indicate a potential for economic injury at a root rating of 3 if corn is planted the following year. Only 1 field (in Van Wert County) exceeded the 2 beetles per trap per day. There were several other fields in Van Wert and Allen, Mercer and Defiance Counties that had greater than 1 beetle per trap per day. Fields in the other counties averaged less than 1 beetle per trap per day. Although numerous reports of lodged and goose-necked corn were received this past summer, we believe, based on many observations, that this was most likely due to poor root development because of the miserable growing conditions during the spring rather than rootworm feeding.
A soil insecticide treatment for FYCR may be warranted if WCR beetle numbers per trap per day are greater than 2 or more beetles over a six week period. If a field was not trapped in 2002 but observations in July and August found a large number of WCR beetles in the fields at that time then a soil insecticide might be justified. Conversely, if WCR were not observed in soybeans in high numbers in July and August then a soil insecticide treatment in 2003 probably cannot be justified.
If soil insecticides are applied for rootworm, then check strips should be left to determine if the treatment was warranted or not.
Trapping in soybeans with Pherocon AM yellow sticky traps needs to continue in 2003 to monitor for FYCR. At least 4 traps need to be placed in fields in mid-July and changed weekly through August (a six week trapping period) to determine WCR beetle levels so that if the field goes to corn in 2004, a decision can be made about using a soil insecticide.
County data from 2002 can be found on the Web at: http://ipm.osu.edu/fycr/fycr.htm
or CORN Newsletter 2002-37 http://corn.osu.edu/archive/2002/oct/02-37.html.
The introduction of herbicides that contain new active ingredients has slowed greatly over the past several years. The last several new active ingredients registered for use in corn and soybeans were mesotrione (Callisto), foramsulfuron (Option), and flumioxazin (Valor). Most other "new" herbicides have actually just been new combinations, ratios, etc of previously available products. The OSU weed science program is currently not testing any new experimental active ingredients. The lack of experimental herbicides, and specifically the lack of development of herbicides with novel sites of action, is of great concern given the resistance to ALS inhibitors, PPO inhibitors (Flexstar, Cobra, etc), and glyphosate that is starting to occur across the corn belt. The lack of new herbicide development is due to a combination of factors, including:
Our long-term view of this situation is as follows: we will eventually have
sufficient resistance to the currently available herbicides to justify higher
prices for any new herbicide that could help solve these impending resistance
problems, at which point the introduction of new active ingredients might be
more likely. However, chemical companies have screened hundreds of thousands
of chemicals for herbicidal activity over the past few decades, and it may be
some time before a novel site of action is found that controls the appropriate
spectrum of weeds and can be profitably marketed. For this reason, we encourage
producers to take a long-term view of herbicide management in order to minimize
resistance problems and preserve the utility of the currently available herbicide
products.
Callisto (Syngenta) can be applied preemergence or postemergence to field and seed corn for control of broadleaf weeds. The active ingredient in Callisto is mesotrione, which has a site of action similar to Balance. Preemergence application of Callisto controls velvetleaf, pigweeds, black nightshade, lambsquarters, and waterhemp. Control of common ragweed has been somewhat variable in OSU research, and Callisto is weak on giant ragweed, cocklebur, and annual morningglory. Unlike Balance, which is a fairly effective early-season grass herbicide, Callisto does not control grass weeds. Postemergence applications of Callisto control most annual broadleaf weeds, especially when mixed with 0.25 lb ai of atrazine. In OSU research, Callisto applied postemergence has been weak on common ragweed and annual morningglory in the absence of atrazine. Callisto is labeled for application to corn up to 30 inches tall or the V8 stage when applied alone, but must be applied before corn is 12 inches tall when mixed with atrazine. Callisto appears to be very safe to corn when applied preemergence or postemergence, but can interact with certain soil- or foliar-applied organophosphate insecticides and cause corn injury when applied postemergence.
Cinch and Cinch ATZ (DuPont) are the same as Dual II Magnum and Bicep II Magnum, respectively. Cinch ATZ replaces Leadoff in the Dupont product line, and are often promoted at reduced rates when followed by a broad-spectrum postemergence herbicide treatment.
Keystone (Dow) is a premix of acetochlor plus atrazine for preplant or preemergence use in field corn, seed corn, and popcorn. The typical use rate contains a rate of atrazine similar to the use rates of Bicep II Magnum and Harness Xtra 5.6. Keystone LA contains less atrazine per use rate than Keystone.
Lumax (Syngenta) is a premix of atrazine plus s-metolachlor (Dual II Magnum) plus mesotrione (Callisto) for preplant or preemergence use in field and seed corn. Lumax controls annual grass and broadleaf weeds, and spectrum of broadleaf control is similar to mixtures of Balance with atrazine premix products (Guardsman Max, Bicep II Magnum, etc). Lumax can be applied postemergence before corn exceeds 5 inches in height, for control of broadleaf weeds up to 3 inches tall.
Option (Bayer) is a sulfonylurea herbicide for postemergence grass control in field corn. The formulation contains the active ingredient, foramsulfuron, plus a safener to reduce the risk of corn injury. Option also controls some small (less than 2-inch) broadleaf weeds. Option can be applied with most postemergence broadleaf herbicides for corn. Option must be applied with a methylated seed oil plus 28% UAN or ammonium sulfate. Apply broadcast until corn is 16 inches tall or in the V5 stage, and as a directed spray until corn is 36 inches tall. Similar to most ALS inhibitors, Option can interact with soil-applied insecticides and injure corn, and the Option label prohibits application to corn treated with Counter or Thimet at planting.
Valor (Valent) is applied preemergence for control of broadleaf weeds in soybeans. The active ingredient is flumioxazin, which is a PPO inhibitor (or cell membrane disruptor). Valor controls pigweeds, waterhemp, lambsquarters, and black nightshade, and controls or suppresses common ragweed and velvetleaf. Valor also has limited foliar activity on small emerged weeds, especially when applied preplant with 2,4-D ester and glyphosate.
Gangster (Valent/Dow) is a co-pack of Valor plus FirstRate for preplant/preemergence use in soybeans. Gangster is extremely broad-spectrum controls or suppresses most broadleaf weeds, depending upon rate applied.
Plan now to attend the 14th Annual Conservation Tillage and Technology Conference scheduled March 3 & 4, 2003 at Ohio Northern University at Ada, Ohio.
This year's conference will cover a wide range of topics including soil fertility,
planting and seed placement, tillage systems comparisons, soil density, root
development, and weed, disease, and pest management. Over 50 sessions will be
offered over the two-day conference with nearly 80 different speakers including
University Specialist, Ag Industry Representatives, and producer panels. Featured
speakers include Ken Ferrie, a nationally known crop consultant from Illinois,
Dr. George Rehm, Soil Fertility Specialist from University of Minnesota, and
Randy Raper, a USDA/ARS Ag Engineer talking on soil compaction.
A total of 29 credits will be made available for CCA's. Early registration
is $20.00 per day or $30.00 for both days. Registration after February 24th
is $30.00 a day or $40.00 for both days. For a copy of the conference agenda
and registration information contact the Hancock County Extension Office at
419-422-3851 or visit the web site at: http://hancock.osu.edu/ag/ctc.htm
Readers can subscribe electronically to this newsletter by sending an e-mail message to: corn-out-on@postoffice.ag.ohio-state.edu. A successful subscription message will receive by an automatic reply from the listserv. Contact your local Ohio State University Extension Office or e-mail labarge.1@osu.edu if you have problems subscribing.
Past versions of C.O.R.N. can be found on the World Wide Web at: http:/www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~corn/archive/
C.O.R.N. is a summary of crop observations, related information, and appropriate recommendations for Ohio Crop Producers and Industry. C.O.R.N. is produced by the Ohio State University Extension Agronomy Team, State Specialists at The Ohio State University and Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. C.O.R.N. Questions are directed to State Specialists, Extension Associates, and Agents associated with Ohio State University Extension and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center at The Ohio State University.
State Specialists: Pat Lipps & Anne Dorrance (Plant Pathology), Peter Thomison (Corn Production), Rheza Enshai (Agricultural Engineer), Matt Sullivan (Agricultural Engineer), Mark Loux (Weed Science), Jeff Stachler (Weed Science), Bruce Eisley (IPM) and Ron Hammond (Entomology), District Specialists: Ed Lentz (Agronomy), Extension Agents: Roger Bender (Shelby), Clark Hutson (Seneca), Gary Wilson (Hancock), Greg La Barge (Fulton), Howard Siegrist (Licking), and Harold Watters (Miami).Editor: Greg LaBarge Web Editor: Nathan Watermeier
Information presented above and where trade names are used, they are supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by Ohio State University Extension is implied. Although every attempt is made to produce information that is complete, timely, and accurate, the pesticide user bears responsibility of consulting the pesticide label and adhering to those directions.
All educational programs conducted by Ohio State University Extension are available to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, creed, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, gender, age, disability or Vietnam-era veteran status.
Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Keith L. Smith, Director, Ohio State University Extension.
TDD # 1 (800) 589-8292 (Ohio only) or (614) 292-1868
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