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In This Issue:
A) The Effect of Urea on Soybeans at R1.2
B) Regional Agronomy Meetings
C) Nematode Summary of Results to Date
D) Grain Will Require Proper Management for Winter
Storage
| Effect of Urea on Soybeans at R1.2 | ||||
| Treatment |
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| Urea | 66.70 | 61.60 | 60.90 | 63.07 |
| No Urea | 67.40 | 64.60 | 65.80 | 65.93 |
| F value: not significant | ||||
| LSD: 5.55; CV = 3.8 | ||||
| Design completely randomized | ||||
| Source: Steve Prochaska, OSU Extension, Crawford County (1998) | ||||
Ohio State University Extension, Agriculture Industry, Ohio Soybean
Council and Ohio Corn
Growers are sponsoring these programs which are structured the same
at each location. Each
meeting will begin at 9 a.m. and adjourn at 3:15 p.m. Costs for each
program are $15/person
pre-registered or $30/person paid at the door. Registration includes
lunch, program proceedings,
1998 Corn & Soybean Trials, 1998 Test Plot Trials, and other Extension
Publications.
The Agenda for all seven meetings includes:
CCA credits will be available. Requested were .5 hours Soil Fertility,
2 hours Pest Management, 1
hours Crop Production. Each site may vary somewhat on CCA credits offered.
PAT credits that will be tentatively be offered are; Commercial, Core
1 hour, 2c .5 hours and 2a
1.5 hours. Private Core 1 hour and 2 hours cat.1. Check locations for
additional categories to be
offered.
If results are to be sent only to a member of an affiliated industry,
normal costs for processing nematode samples apply. These costs are currently
$15.00 for the first sample and $10.00 for each additional sample in a
given shipment of soil samples.
2. Some samples have not been of adequate size. The recommended size for
a soybean cyst nematode soil sample is four cups of soil. A number of samples
have been little more than one cup. Although these samples will be processed,
accuracy of results may be reduced.
Properly managing grain in storage is important to maintain grain quality after it is harvested. Grain can go out of condition for a number of reasons. Initial storage of high quality grain can then be affected by grain moisture and temperature, amount and distribution of fines and foreign material, and insects.
The average moisture content of grain does not determine crop storability. Spoilage can occur in isolated locations or pockets where grain moisture is high. Grain temperature must be controlled to minimize moisture migration which is a major storage problem. More stored dry grain goes out of condition because temperatures are not controlled than for any other reason. Lower grain temperatures decrease biological (mostly molds) and insect activity and increase safe storage periods.
Grain is a good insulator, so it does not cool uniformly as outside temperature's drop during late fall and winter. Air near the bin wall cools and settles toward the bin bottom creating a convection current. The air then rises up through the warm grain picking up moisture in the form of water vapor. The air continues to move toward cooler grain near the grain surface where the moisture condenses and can cause spoilage. The most common location of wet or spoiled grain is at the center top of the bin. Another location for storage problem symptoms is the grain near the bin wall, often the cold north wall.
Aeration is essential for successful dry grain storage. A properly operated aeration system moves air through grain to control grain temperature, reduce biological and insect activity, and prevent moisture migration. Aerate grain during fall to uniformly cool the grain to below 40 F to prevent moisture migration. During the spring uniformly warm grain to between 50 and 60 F for optimum storage during spring and summer.
Proper operating and management procedures must be followed with any aeration system. Even the best designed aeration system can fail if not operated correctly. A modestly designed system and proper management is better than an elaborate system and little management.
Airflow rate determines the time required to complete one aeration cycle. An aeration cycle is the time it takes to change the temperature of all grain in the bin or for the cooling front in the fall and the warming front in the spring to pass through the bin. For example, at the common aeration airflow rate of 0.1 cfm/bu, it requires about 150 hours to change grain temperature. This varies depending on the relative condition of the air and grain. Typically, warming grain in the spring requires less time than cooling grain in the fall.
To be sure of complete cooling or warming, you must monitor the change
in grain temperature. On a negative pressure or suction aeration system,
check the temperature at the fan discharge. With positive pressure systems,
where air is blown up through the grain, check grain temperatures at the
grain surface. A sudden change in grain temperature indicates that the
cooling or warming front has passed through the grain.
Readers can subscribe electronically to this newsletter by sending an
e-mail message to: Past versions of C.O.R.N. can be found on the World Wide Web at: http:/www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~corn/archive/
C.O.R.N. is a summary of crop observations, related information, and
appropriate recommendations for Ohio Crop Producers and Industry. C.O.R.N.
is produced by the Ohio State University Extension Agronomy Team, State
Specialists at The Ohio State University and Ohio Agricultural Research
and Development Center. C.O.R.N. Questions are directed to State Specialists,
Extension Associates, and Agents associated with Ohio State University
Extension and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center at
The Ohio State University.
Contributors to C.O.R.N. this week include:
Editor: Clark Hutson
Web Editor: Steve Lichtensteiger
Information presented above and where tradenames are used,
they are supplied with the understanding that nodiscrimination is intended
and no endorsement by Ohio State University Extension is implied. Although
every attempt is made to produce information that is complete, timely,
and accurate, the pesticide user bears responsibility of consulting the
pesticide label and adhering to those directions.
All educational programs conducted by Ohio State University
Extension are available to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis without
regard to race, color, creed, religion, sexual orientation, national origin,
gender, age, disability or Vietnam-era veteran status.
Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts
of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Keith L. Smith, Director, Ohio State University Extension.
TDD # 1 (800) 589-8292 (Ohio only) or (614) 292-1868
STATE SPECIALISTS: Pat Lipps & Anne Dorrance (Plant Pathology),
EXTENSION AGENTS: Roger Bender (Shelby), Clark Hutson (Seneca), Barry
Ward (Marion),
Gary Wilson (Hancock), and Steve Prochaska (Crawford).