CORN Newsletter: 2009-18, June 15, 2009

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C.O.R.N Newsletter 2009-18
June 15, 2009 - June 22, 2009

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Late corn and soybean plantings
by Peter Thomison, Jim Beuerlein


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Recently, we’ve received questions about the advisability of planting corn versus soybean after mid-June in NW Ohio. These questions have arisen in part because some corn fields need to be replanted due to emergence problems, including soil crusting, possible herbicide injury, etc.
Corn is not recommended as a late crop after mid June. Soybean is an option until early July. Some exceptions to late plantings of corn might be if corn is being grown for silage rather than grain, and N and corn herbicides had already been applied.

Recent studies have shown that good yields are possible with corn planted as late as mid-June but as a rule there’s likely to be greater yield variability with late planted corn than late planted soybean. Moreover, given current corn and soybean prices and production budgets (http://aede.osu.edu/Programs/FarmManagement/Budgets/crops-2009/index.htm) planting soybean is going to be more profitable in most situations.

We can lose as much as 50% or more of our yield potential when corn is planted in the latter half of June (see the Ohio Agronomy Guide online at: http://ohioline.osu.edu/b472/index.html. We lose about 1 to 2 bu/A of yield with every day of delayed planting after the first week of May - with the yield loss increasing more, the later it gets. In late June, there is an increasing risk of the corn crop not maturing before frost - unless growers plant hybrids of considerably earlier maturity than those normally planted. Yields of soybean planted in late June can be as high as 65 to 75% of normal. Effects of soybean relative maturity on grain yield can be large for late plantings. A key consideration in late soybean plantings is planting the latest-maturing variety that will reach physiological maturity before the first killing frost.

Weather conditions, especially adequate soil moisture, often limit the yield potential of late planted both corn and soybeans. However, corn is highly susceptible to drought damage during pollination and early grain fill and the potential for high temperature and water stress typically increases later in the growing season when late planted corn flowers. Because soybeans flower over a longer period, they’re usually less vulnerable to this type of injury. As a result, late planted corn is a riskier crop than soybean. Some other factors to consider with late planted corn include:
• Higher grain moisture that may require artificial drying.
• Lower test weights that may result in significant dockage.
• Greater stalk lodging and stalk rots that may slow harvest and reduce
yield. Late crops may experience more stress during grain fill and
weathering during dry-down.
• Increased injury from silk clipping insects like corn rootworm beetles
and Japanese beetles (and second generation European corn borer
damage, if the hybrids planted are not ECB Bt hybrids).
• Greater foliar diseases injury. Losses to gray leaf spot may increase
with later planting dates.
• Less effective N uptake. If conditions turn dry after planting, late
sidedress N applications may be ineffective.

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C.O.R.N. is a summary of crop observations, related information, and appropriate recommendations for Ohio Crop Producers and Industry. C.O.R.N. is produced by the Ohio State University Extension Agronomy Team, State Specialists at The Ohio State University and Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center. C.O.R.N. Questions are directed to State Specialists, Extension Associates, and Agents associated with Ohio State University Extension and the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center at The Ohio State University.

Information presented above and where trade names are used, they are supplied with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by Ohio State University Extension is implied. Although every attempt is made to produce information that is complete, timely, and accurate, the pesticide user bears responsibility of consulting the pesticide label and adhering to those directions.

All educational programs conducted by Ohio State University Extension are available to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard to race, color, creed, religion, sexual orientation, national origin, gender, age, disability or Vietnam-era veteran status.

Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Keith L. Smith, Director, Ohio State University Extension.

TDD # 1 (800) 589-8292 (Ohio only) or (614) 292-1868


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